Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42807103›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in fungal biology2026

Fungal contamination, mycotoxins, histamine, and allergen-related immunoreactivity in edible insects and insect-fortified complementary foods.

Maryam Imbumi, Sheila Okoth, Kris Audenaert, Hans De Steur, Xavier Gellynck, Chrysantus Mbi Tanga, Sarah De Saeger, Judith Kimiywe, Katleen Raes

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in fungal biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Maryam ImbumiResearch Unit VEG-i-TEC, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Kortrijk, Belgium.
Sheila OkothDepartment of Biology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Kris AudenaertLaboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
Hans De SteurDivision of Agri-Food Marketing and Chain Management, Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
Xavier GellynckDivision of Agri-Food Marketing and Chain Management, Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
Chrysantus Mbi TangaInsects for Food, Feed and Other Uses (INSEFF) Programme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya.
Sarah De SaegerDepartment of Bioanalysis, Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology & Public Health, Campus Heymans, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent, Belgium.
Judith KimiyweDepartment of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
Katleen RaesResearch Unit VEG-i-TEC, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Kortrijk, Belgium.

Funding

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation INV-032416
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Edible insects are consumed by over 3,000 ethnic groups, with 2,205 species documented as food in 128 countries, yet evidence on fungal contamination, mycotoxins and allergen-related risks remains limited. This study assessed these hazards in edible insects and insect-fortified complementary foods for infant and young child nutrition. Methods: Fungal contamination in 11 edible-insect products, seven food ingredients, seven insect-enriched formulations and five commercial complementary flours was assessed by culture and internal transcribed spacer sequencing. Fungal isolation comprised 1,080 inoculated culture observations across three independent batches per material type, from which 798 fungal isolates were recovered. Endpoint PCR assessed aflatoxin- and fumonisin-biosynthesis markers in Results: Discussion: These findings support fungal-contamination prevention, controlled storage and assessment of potential allergen cross-reactivity in edible insects.

Indexed as

allergen-related immunoreactivityedible insectsfungal contaminationhistamineinsect-fortified complementary foodsmycotoxinsstorage

Identifiers

PMID42807103
PMCPMC13617097

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.