Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42807090›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in sports and active living2026

Training the proprioceptive and propulsive function of the foot for improved technique and enhanced performance of the golf swing: a pilot study.

Angelo Belotti, Niccolò Bisazza, Andrea Calcari, Paolo Perrone, Roberto Panichi, Andrea Biscarini

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Angelo BelottiDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
Niccolò BisazzaFederazione Italiana Golf, Rome, Italy.
Andrea CalcariFederazione Italiana Golf, Rome, Italy.
Paolo PerroneFederazione Italiana Golf - Comitato Lombardo, Milano, Italy.
Roberto PanichiDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
Andrea BiscariniDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The proprioceptive and propulsive functions of the feet-despite their essential role in stability, movement initiation, and efficient bottom-up energy transfer along the kinetic chain-are largely overlooked in conventional golf physical and technical training. To address this gap, we developed a novel approach to golf athletic training and swing technique that embeds foot mechanics as a fundamental driver of performance enhancement. Methods: Twenty-five experienced golf players completed three separate swing sessions: the first before a specific foot-proprioceptive intervention (time Results: Lead-foot peak vGR increased from Conclusion: These acute findings suggest that the proposed exercises may facilitate a progressive refinement of swing technique through greater integration of foot function, consistent with the observed improvements in swing-performance variables.

Indexed as

ball speedclub speedgolfground reactionproprioceptionswing

Identifiers

PMID42807090
PMCPMC13616624

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.