Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42806928›Full record

Observational studyPain research & management2026

Perioperative Dynamic Changes and Independent Associations of Pressure Pain Threshold in Trauma Patients: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.

Zhijie Yan, Hao Li, Ziyu Wang, Wuzhen Su, Yibin Gao, Ruiyun Li, Chunwang Zhang, Zhicheng Gao, Hewei Wang, Jie Liu

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Pain research & management, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Zhijie YanDepartment of Rehabilitation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University, No. 599 Hualan Avenue Hongqi District, Xinxiang, Henan, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8065-0748
Hao LiDepartment of Orthopaedics, Trauma Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University, No. 599 Hualan Avenue Hongqi District, Xinxiang 453000, Henan, China, traumacenter.org.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0801-5219
Ziyu WangDepartment of Orthopaedics, Trauma Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University, No. 599 Hualan Avenue Hongqi District, Xinxiang 453000, Henan, China, traumacenter.org.
Wuzhen SuDepartment of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University, No. 599 Hualan Avenue Hongqi District, Xinxiang 453000, Henan, China.
Yibin GaoDepartment of Orthopaedics, Trauma Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University, No. 599 Hualan Avenue Hongqi District, Xinxiang 453000, Henan, China, traumacenter.org.
Ruiyun LiDepartment of Orthopaedics, Trauma Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University, No. 599 Hualan Avenue Hongqi District, Xinxiang 453000, Henan, China, traumacenter.org.
Chunwang ZhangDepartment of Orthopaedics, Trauma Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University, No. 599 Hualan Avenue Hongqi District, Xinxiang 453000, Henan, China, traumacenter.org.
Zhicheng GaoDepartment of Orthopaedics, Trauma Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University, No. 599 Hualan Avenue Hongqi District, Xinxiang 453000, Henan, China, traumacenter.org.
Hewei WangDepartment of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China, fudan.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7632-0607
Jie LiuHenan Medical Key Laboratory for Research of Trauma and Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University, No. 599 Hualan Avenue Hongqi District, Xinxiang Henan, 453000, China.

Funding

2025 Henan Provincial Medical Science and Technology Talent Overseas Training Program HNMOT2025082Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province 252300420635Young Scientists Fund
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPressure pain threshold (PPT) is an objective quantitative sensory measure and intermediate biomarker of pain sensitivity. However, the dynamic perioperative alterations and independent clinical determinants of PPT remain insufficiently characterized. MATERIALS AND

methodsThis prospective observational study included 67 adult patients undergoing orthopaedic trauma surgery. Bilateral PPT of injured and uninjured sides was measured at preoperative baseline and postoperative days (POD) 1-3 using a calibrated electronic algometer. Linear mixed-effects models were applied to analyze PPT temporal trends, bilateral differences, and independent associations, with a significance level set at 0.05.

resultsContinuous bilateral PPT reduction was detected throughout the early postoperative phase. The injured side exhibited significantly lower PPT than the uninjured side on POD 1 (mean difference = -2.43 N, 95% CI: -4.08 to -0.77, p = 0.004), whereas no significant bilateral differences were found preoperatively (p = 0.154), on POD 2 (p = 0.583), or on POD 3 (p = 0.523). No significant time-by-side interaction effects were identified during follow-up. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age (β = 0.116, p = 0.019) positively correlated with PPT, while female sex (β = -4.715, p = 0.003) and elevated body mass index (BMI) (β = -0.441, p = 0.022) independently decreased PPT values. In contrast, no statistically significant association with PPT was observed for injury type, surgical approach, and anesthesia regimen in the adjusted model. Sensitivity analyses adjusting for morphine equivalent dose, numeric rating scale pain scores, and length of stay supported the robustness of the key POD 1 side-to-side contrast.

conclusionsOrthopaedic trauma patients exhibit progressive early-postoperative PPT reduction, with unilateral pain-sensitivity alterations peaking on POD 1. Subsequent bilateral PPT decline may be compatible with broader postoperative changes in pressure pain sensitivity, but mechanistic sensitization cannot be inferred from PPT alone. Independent associations with perioperative PPT were identified for age, sex, and BMI in the adjusted model. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, prognostic study.

trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2500103937.

Indexed as

Pain ThresholdPostoperative PainWounds and InjuriesAdultAgedFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedPain MeasurementPressureProspective Studieslinear mixed-effects modelsorthopaedic traumapain sensitivityperioperative painpressure pain threshold

Identifiers

PMID42806928
PMCPMC13621237

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.