ArticleJournal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle2026
Prevalence and Overlap of Malnutrition, Sarcopenia and Related Nutritional Syndromes in a Large Haemodialysis Population.
Article in Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundChronic kidney disease is a major global health burden linked to malnutrition, sarcopenia and related nutritional syndromes including protein-energy wasting (PEW)/cachexia and sarcopenic obesity (SO). Data from end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) populations in Saudi Arabia and the wider Middle East are scarce. This study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with malnutrition and sarcopenia risk in a large haemodialysis (HD) cohort and the co-occurrence of PEW/cachexia risk and SO.
methodsMulticentre, cross-sectional study in 40 dialysis clinics across Saudi Arabia (June-August 2024). Adults on maintenance HD ≥ 90 days were screened using the malnutrition-inflammation score (MIS; high risk > 5), SARC-F (sarcopenia risk ≥ 4) high risk, calf circumference (CC; cut-offs ≤ 34-cm males, ≤ 33-cm females), CC adjusted for body mass index (BMI) and oedema (Adj. CC) and SARC-CalF (sarcopenia risk ≥ 11). SO was defined as sarcopenia risk by SARC-CalF (Adj. CC) plus BMI > 30 kg/m
resultsOf 3722 HD patients (56.8% male; age 53.6 ± 15.8 years; BMI 26.8 ± 6.4 kg/m
conclusionsThis is the first large-scale study to fully characterise a Saudi and Middle Eastern HD cohort. There was a very high risk of malnutrition and sarcopenia. Furthermore, a high number had both conditions and overlapping features of PEW/cachexia, which included high comorbidity and disability risk. Findings support routine, multitool nutritional and muscle screening in HD care, including younger patients.
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