Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42806426›Full record

ArticleBMC biomedical engineering2026

Development of a hybrid manikin for extra-uterine life support technology innovation.

J S van Haren, B G van Willigen, C M van Riet, W J Loor, J R van den Broek, J Sterk, C Amendola, K Verschueren, M W H Thielen, M B van der Hout-van der Jagt and 1 more

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Article in BMC biomedical engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

J S van HarenDepartment of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, The Netherlands. j.s.v.haren@tue.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2878-7349
B G van WilligenDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Máxima Medisch Centrum, Veldhoven, 5504 DB, The Netherlands.
C M van RietDepartment of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, The Netherlands.
W J LoorDepartment of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, The Netherlands.
J R van den BroekDepartment of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, The Netherlands.
J SterkDepartment of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, The Netherlands.
C AmendolaDepartment Of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.
K VerschuerenDepartment of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, The Netherlands.
M W H ThielenDepartment of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, The Netherlands.
M B van der Hout-van der JagtDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Máxima Medisch Centrum, Veldhoven, 5504 DB, The Netherlands.
F L M DelbressineDepartment of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPreclinical studies have shown successful maintenance of fetuses on extra-uterine life support technology. This technology has the potential to offer a liquid-based alternative for the care of extremely premature infants.

methodsTo bridge the gap between preclinical research and clinical translation, and to provide a low-risk environment, we developed a hybrid fetal manikin to complement animal studies and facilitate technology development and clinician training. Through these fetal manikins, characteristics of extremely premature infants can be mimicked through integrated actuators that respond to physiological parameters, which are monitored through integrated sensors.

resultsUtilizing clinical data, we designed the manikin to realistically replicate anatomical structures, physiological properties, and symptom display. A wireless connection to a fetal digital twin enables sensor data transmission and downstream cascade calculations for symptom display on the manikin. Evaluation included qualitative and quantitative realism assessments, either comparing with patient data or clinician assessments.

conclusionsOur study demonstrates the applicability and potential of using simulation technologies for high-risk, human-centered MedTech development. It allows expanding stakeholder involvement during development, and it may better equip a medical team through simulation training and enhance the technology development.

Indexed as

Digital twinExtra-uterine life supportManikinMedical simulation

Identifiers

PMID42806426
PMCPMC13621680

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.