ArticleTropical medicine and health2026
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of parents toward antibiotic use in children attending public hospitals in Mogadishu, Somalia.
Article in Tropical medicine and health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInappropriate antibiotic use in children contributes significantly to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a major public health concern in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In Somalia, fragile health systems, weak regulatory oversight, and widespread non-prescription antibiotic use increase this risk. This cross-sectional study assessed parents' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding antibiotic use in children and identified associated sociodemographic factors to inform targeted stewardship strategies.
methodsWe conducted a hospital-based cross-sectional study using consecutive sampling from May to August 2025 in two public tertiary referral hospitals in Mogadishu. The data set contained 325 records; one record missing the number-of-children field was excluded, giving an analytic sample of 324. The 26 KAP items were dichotomized using the documented answer key. Question 28 had no 'Never' option and consequently had zero variance after scoring. Overall scores were categorized as low (≤ 10), medium (11-17), or high (≥ 18). Descriptive, reliability, factorability, bivariate, and ordinal logistic regression analyses were conducted using Stata 18.
resultsThe mean KAP score was 10.82 (SD = 3.69; range 4-22). Low KAP was observed in 184 participants (56.79%), medium KAP in 121 (37.35%), and high KAP in 19 (5.86%). Internal consistency was low for knowledge (α = 0.462), attitudes (α = 0.417), and practices (α = 0.484), and moderate overall (α = 0.634). In the adjusted ordinal model, primary paternal education (OR = 0.52; 95% CI 0.28-0.94; p = 0.030), primary maternal education (OR = 0.52; 95% CI 0.28-0.96; p = 0.037), university-level maternal education (OR = 3.54; 95% CI 1.28-9.78; p = 0.015), and regional residence (OR = 0.42; 95% CI 0.20-0.89; p = 0.023) were associated with KAP level. Female sex was borderline (OR = 1.67; 95% CI 1.00-2.79; p = 0.051).
conclusionsMore than half of participants were classified as having low KAP according to the prespecified scoring criteria. Maternal education and regional residence remained important correlates, although the observed associations should be interpreted cautiously because ambiguities in the scoring of some questionnaire items may influence KAP classification. These findings should be interpreted cautiously given limitations related to questionnaire scoring and measurement reliability.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.