Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42806360›Full record

ArticleArchives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique2026

Somalia is battling concurrent outbreaks of cholera, measles, and diphtheria driven by severe drought and displacement.

Ayuub Ahmed Osman, Maryan Ali Adam, Ilyas Abdullahi Khalif

Abstract readLetter
In one paragraph

Article in Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Ayuub Ahmed OsmanFaculty of Health Sciences and Tropical Medicine, Somali National University, Mogadishu, Somalia. Axmedayuub517@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-7635-7522
Maryan Ali AdamFaculty of Health Sciences and Tropical Medicine, Somali National University, Mogadishu, Somalia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-3827-5630
Ilyas Abdullahi KhalifFaculty of Health Sciences and Tropical Medicine, Somali National University, Mogadishu, Somalia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-7421-8638

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Somalia is experiencing concurrent cholera, measles, and diphtheria outbreaks driven by climate change, conflict, displacement, malnutrition, inadequate water and sanitation, and fragile health systems. This letter argues that these overlapping epidemics should be recognized as a syndemic rather than independent outbreaks because they share common structural determinants that amplify transmission and mortality. We advocate for integrated surveillance, combined vaccination strategies, strengthened laboratory capacity, nutrition support, climate-informed early warning systems, resilient primary healthcare, and sustained financing to improve outbreak preparedness and response in Somalia and similar fragile settings.

Indexed as

CholeraDiphtheriaMeaslesSomaliaSyndemic

Identifiers

PMID42806360
PMCPMC13617885

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.