ArticleClinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico2026
Circulating Glypican 4 and mortality risk in patients with metastatic breast cancer-results from the DESIREE study.
Article in Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundGlypican 4 (GPC4) is a cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan that can be released into circulation under pathological conditions. This study evaluated the prognostic impact of serum GPC4 levels in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
methodsA total of 148 patients from the randomized, placebo-controlled phase II DESIREE trial (HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer) were included. Overall survival was the primary endpoint. Serum GPC4 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
resultsDuring a median follow-up of 23 months, 82 patients (55.4%) died. A non-linear, J-shaped association between GPC4 levels and survival was observed. Spline-transformed log2-GPC4 values were significantly associated with mortality (HR 2.72; 95% CI 1.52-4.86; p<0.001). BMI modified this association (p-interaction=0.05), with the strongest association observed in patients with BMI ≥30 (p-interaction=0.014).
conclusionCirculating GPC4 shows a significant non-linear association with overall survival in HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer, with high BMI acting as an important effect modifier.
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