ArticleAesthetic plastic surgery2026
Evaluation of Serum Irisin, Leptin, Adiponectin, Resistin, and Galectin-3 Levels and Their Relationship with Ultrasonographic Subcutaneous Fat Thickness in Patients with Lipedema.
Article in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveThe aim of this study was to compare serum adiponectin, leptin, resistin, irisin, and galectin-3 levels between patients with lipedema and healthy controls, and to examine their relationship with subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness.
methodsIn this cross sectional case control study, 40 female patients with lipedema and 36 age and body mass index matched healthy controls were included. Serum levels of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, irisin, and galectin-3 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness was assessed by ultrasonography at predefined anatomical sites. Pain intensity, functional status, and quality of life were evaluated. Correlation analyses were performed to investigate associations between biomarkers and ultrasonographic findings.
resultsSerum adiponectin, leptin, resistin, irisin, galectin-3, and routine biochemical parameters did not differ significantly between groups (all p > 0.05). Subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness was significantly higher in all measured regions in the lipedema group (p < 0.001). Biomarker levels did not differ according to lipedema stage (all p > 0.05). Among the evaluated biomarkers, only serum leptin showed a weak positive correlation with anterior thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness (rho = 0.399, p = 0.014). In secondary comparisons, patients with lipedema reported higher pain scores and lower functional capacity and quality of life (all p < 0.05).
conclusionSerum adiponectin, leptin, resistin, irisin, and galectin-3 levels were similar between patients with lipedema and healthy controls despite significantly increased subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness. Only leptin showed a weak positive correlation with anterior thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness. These findings suggest that circulating biomarkers may not adequately reflect local adipose tissue alterations in lipedema. Further studies are needed to clarify their role in the pathophysiology of lipedema. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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