ArticleEuropean journal of applied physiology2026
High- versus low-volume static stretching and eccentric exercise: a randomized controlled trial in older adults with hamstring tightness and possible sarcopenia.
Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeThis study examined the effects of home-based high-volume static stretching on range of motion (ROM), musculotendinous unit (MTU) stiffness, muscle morphology, strength, balance, and physical function in older adults with hamstring tightness and possible sarcopenia.
methodsSixty-eight community-dwelling older adults (67.2 ± 4.5 years) were randomly assigned to high-volume static stretching (30 min/day), low-volume static stretching (3 min/day, 3 days/week), eccentric exercise (ECC), or non-intervention control (CON) for 6 weeks. Assessments conducted at baseline, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up included muscle thickness (MT), ROM, MTU stiffness, isometric knee flexor strength, cross-education effects on contralateral strength, Y-Balance performance, and function outcomes.
resultsSignificant group × time interaction effects were observed for ROM and isometric strength (p < 0.05). ROM increased after both stretching interventions (12.4° high-volume; 10.3° low-volume; d = 1.27-1.48), with no statistically detectable between-group difference. Isometric knee flexor strength improved after ECC (≈ 7.0 Nm; d = 1.53), with no contralateral strength transfer. No consistent intervention-related improvements were observed in MTU stiffness, muscle thickness, Y-Balance, or physical function. At the 3-month follow-up, knee flexor strength differed from baseline in the ECC group, although this was an uncontrolled follow-up observation.
conclusionsNo statistically detectable difference in ROM was identified between high- and low-volume stretching. Exploratory analyses indicated that ECC improved strength more than control, whereas stretching-related changes remained below the minimal detectable change. . Low-volume stretching required substantially less weekly exercise time than high-volume stretching; however, equivalence was not established. Stretching and eccentric exercise may therefore produce distinct flexibility and strength adaptations in older adults. CLINICAL REGISTRATION: The study protocol has been registered with the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20251222012).
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