Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42805932›Full record

ArticleInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2026

Postpandemic Trends in Pediatric Respiratory Virus Hospitalizations: A Multicenter Study, 2019-2025.

Federica Attaianese, Silvia Campani, Sandra Trapani, Ilaria Alberti, Maurizio Aricò, Marina Attanasi, Giulia Bertolucci, Silvia Bressan, Désirée Caselli, Veronica Casotto and 34 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

44 authors.

Federica AttaianeseMeyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Pediatric Unit, Florence, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7463-8567
Silvia CampaniMeyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Pediatric Unit, Florence, Italy.
Sandra TrapaniMeyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Pediatric Unit, Florence, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1105-1500
Ilaria AlbertiIRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Maurizio AricòPediatric Unit, S. Spirito Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale di Pescara, Pescara, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1908-6671
Marina AttanasiDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
Giulia BertolucciPediatric Unit, Pneumonology and Allergology Section, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy.
Silvia BressanPediatric Emergency Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Désirée CaselliPediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, AOUC Policlinico di Bari, Children Hospital Giovanni XXIII, Bari, Italy.
Veronica CasottoDepartment of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Salvatore CazzatoPediatric Unit, Department of Mother and Child Health, Salesi Children's Hospital, Ancona, Italy.
Francesco ChiarelliDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
Enrico FeliciPediatric and Pediatric Emergency Unit, Children's Hospital, AO SS Antonio e Biagio e C. Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy.
Anna FruscianteMedical Directorate, Ruggi d'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy.
Maria Antonia GaleonePediatric Unit, Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano Hospital, Caserta, Italy.
Silvia GarazzinoInfectious Diseases Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Antonietta GiannattasioPediatric Emergency Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy.
Eloisa GittoNeonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, G. Martino Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Antonio GuerrieroDepartment of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Pediatrics Section, University of Salerno, Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.
Fiorentina GuidaPediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Giovanna IudicaDepartment of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Marcello LanariPediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Claudia MandatoDepartment of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Pediatrics Section, University of Salerno, Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.
Alice ManziniPostgraduate School in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Gaia MartelliPediatric Unit, Department of Mother and Child Health, Salesi Children's Hospital, Ancona, Italy.
Gregorio Paolo MilaniIRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Maria MoriondoPediatric Immunology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy.
Lucia Dora NotarangeloMedical Direction, Children's Hospital, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.
Felice NunziataPediatric Unit, Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano Hospital, Caserta, Italy.
Roberta PellegrinoPediatric Unit, S. Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Avellino, Italy.
Diego PeroniPediatric Unit, Pneumonology and Allergology Section, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy.
Emanuela PiccottiPediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy.
Eduardo PonticielloPediatric Unit, S. Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Avellino, Italy.
Silvia RicciDepartment of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Immacolata RulliNeonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, G. Martino Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Fabio SavoiaChildhood Cancer Registry of Campania, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy.
Erika SilvestroInfectious Diseases Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Antonella SistoPediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, AOUC Policlinico di Bari, Children Hospital Giovanni XXIII, Bari, Italy.
Federica SoroMedical Direction, Children's Hospital, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.
Stefania TonettoUniversity of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8565-8672
Alessandro ZagoUniversity of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
Carlo DaniNeonatal Intensive Care Unit, Division of Neonatology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
Chiara AzzariDepartment of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Giuseppe IndolfiMeyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Pediatric Unit, Florence, Italy.

Funding

"Current Research Annual Funding" of the Italian Ministry of Health
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic profoundly altered the circulation of respiratory viruses in children, changing the epidemiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections. In the postpandemic period, respiratory pathogens showed marked temporal variability. The 2024-2025 season was the first respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) season in Italy during which RSV immunoprophylaxis with nirsevimab was implemented, allowing evaluation of recent trends in pediatric hospitalizations.

methodsWe conducted a retrospective multicenter study across 16 pediatric hospitals in Italy. Hospitalizations of children younger than 18 years with RSV, influenza, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, rhinovirus infection, or bronchiolitis of unspecified viral etiology were identified from January 2019 to March 2025 using ICD-9-CM diagnostic codes. Annual and monthly hospitalization rates per 100,000 children were calculated using national demographic data. Temporal trends were assessed across six consecutive seasons.

resultsOverall, 23,981 hospitalizations were recorded. RSV was the most frequent pathogen (42.5%), followed by influenza (18.6%), adenovirus (9.9%), and rhinovirus (7.3%). Hospitalizations declined sharply in 2020 and subsequently increased, peaking in 2024 (n = 4903; +30.8% vs. 2022). During the 2024-2025 season, total admissions decreased by 17.2% compared with 2023-2024 (3390 vs. 4095), mainly due to a marked reduction in RSV-related hospitalizations (-41.6%, 1230 vs. 2107), with modest increases in influenza-, adenovirus-, and rhinovirus-associated admissions.

conclusionsThis nationwide analysis describes postpandemic trends in pediatric respiratory virus hospitalizations in Italy, highlighting changing pathogen-specific patterns and the need for continued viral surveillance.

Indexed as

HospitalizationRespiratory Tract InfectionsAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolCOVID-19FemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornInfluenza, HumanItalyMaleRetrospective StudiesSeasonsepidemiologyinfluenzapediatric hospitalizationrespiratory tract infectionsRSVseasonality

Identifiers

PMID42805932
PMCPMC13619736

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.