Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42804635›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026

Human antibody heavy chain variable region exon interacts with the 3' regulatory region to form a stable somatic hypermutation center.

Ying Guan, Mariia Mikhova, Zhuo Yang, Kai Xu, Shuxian Xie, Xin Lin, Adam Yongxin Ye, Taimor Williams, Jianshu Wang, David G Schatz and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Ying Guan *Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.
Mariia MikhovaHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.
Zhuo YangHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.
Kai XuHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.
Shuxian XieHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.
Xin LinHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.
Adam Yongxin YeHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.
Taimor WilliamsHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.
Jianshu WangDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8011.
David G SchatzDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8011.ORCID 0000-0002-5669-1176
Frederick W AltHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.
Xi Chen *Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.

Funding

Mechanisms that Regulate Antibody Class Switch Recombination and Somatic HypermutationR37AI077595 · NIAID · BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI Frederick W. Alt · 2019 to 2026
$4.6M
HHS | NIH (NIH) 5R37AI077595NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI077595
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) initiates somatic hypermutation (SHM) of immunoglobulin heavy chain (HC) variable region exons in germinal center (GC) B cells, allowing selection of affinity-matured B cell receptors. The V(D)J exon location is "privileged" for SHM targeting of diverse sequences within it. In analogy to the related HC class switch recombination center, we proposed that cohesin-mediated loop extrusion juxtaposes widely separated enhancers, including 3'

Indexed as

ExonsImmunoglobulin Heavy ChainsImmunoglobulin Variable RegionRegulatory Sequences, Nucleic AcidSomatic Hypermutation, ImmunoglobulinAICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase)AnimalsB-LymphocytesCell Line, TumorCytidine DeaminaseGerminal CenterHumansMiceAICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase)Cytidine DeaminaseImmunoglobulin Heavy ChainsImmunoglobulin Variable Regionchromatin 3D structureG1-arrestIGH 3′RRRAMOSsomatic hypermutation

Identifiers

PMID42804635
PMCPMC13643152

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.