ArticleEndocrine2026
Sex differences in the clinical presentation and complications of primary hyperparathyroidism: insights from a single-center cohort study.
Article in Endocrine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposePrimary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) predominantly affects women, particularly after menopause. Whether sex-related differences extend beyond epidemiology to influence the clinical expression of the disease remains incompletely understood. We investigated sex-related differences in the clinical phenotype of PHPT.
methodsWe retrospectively analyzed clinical, biochemical, imaging, and histopathological data from patients with PHPT referred to our Endocrinology Unit over a 5-year period.
resultsA total of 315 patients were included (64 men and 251 women; female-to-male ratio 3.9:1). Mean age at diagnosis was similar between sexes (60 ± 16 vs. 59 ± 13 years, p = 0.499), and 77% of women were postmenopausal. Despite comparable mean serum calcium levels, men more frequently presented with serum calcium concentrations > 1 mg/dL above the upper limit of normal (42% vs. 29%, p = 0.042), higher urinary calcium excretion, and lower serum phosphate levels. Women showed significantly greater skeletal involvement, with a higher prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis (71.7% vs. 53.1%, p = 0.004), vertebral fractures (44% vs. 12%, p < 0.001), non-vertebral fragility fractures (34% vs. 12%, p = 0.003), and bone and muscle pain (60.7% vs. 10.3%, p < 0.001). Conversely, nephrolithiasis (p = 0.013) and cardiovascular comorbidities (p = 0.046) were more frequent in men. Women also displayed a less favorable metabolic profile, characterized by higher HbA1c and HOMA index values, a greater prevalence of dyslipidemia (p = 0.001), and more frequent depressive symptoms (p = 0.001) and fatigue (p = 0.040).
conclusionsPHPT exhibits distinct sex-specific clinical phenotypes. Men present a more severe biochemical and cardiovascular profile, whereas women show greater skeletal involvement, a less favorable metabolic profile, and a higher burden of non-classical symptoms. These findings support a sex-specific approach to the evaluation and management of PHPT.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42804060What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.