ArticleEuropean journal of applied physiology2026
Comparison between exercise and hot water immersion on skin microvascular responses in older adults with overweight and obesity.
Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeSkin microvascular function plays a critical role in thermoregulation and vascular health, but due to technical limitations, responses to passive heat stress remain poorly quantified, particularly in overweight and obese older adults. This study aimed to compare the acute effects of hot water immersion (HWI) and moderate-intensity exercise (EXE) on skin microvascular function using optical coherence tomography (OCT), and to explore potential sex differences.
methodsTwenty-five overweight older adults (10♂ and 15♀; age 59 ± 7, BMI 29.4 ± 3.4 kg/m
resultsHWI elicited significantly greater increases in all OCT metrics than EXE (all P < 0.001): diameter (+ 5.2 ± 4.3 vs. - 1.1 ± 3.7 μm), velocity (+ 22.8 ± 11.7 vs. - 1.2 ± 4.5 μm·s⁻¹), flow (+ 68.9 ± 29.8 vs. - 8.3 ± 13.8 pL·s⁻¹), and vessel density (14.1 ± 7.8 vs. - 3.1 ± 4.8%). These vascular changes were accompanied by a higher Tc increase (+ 0.9 ± 0.3 °C vs. +0.7 ± 0.3 °C) and larger reductions in systolic and diastolic BP following HWI (P < 0.01). Qualitatively, laser Doppler flowmetry paralleled the OCT findings, showing enhanced skin blood flow after HWI (P < 0.01).
conclusionsWhen time-matched, an acute bout of HWI induces changes in skin microvascular perfusion that exceed those observed in response to EXE, likely reflecting the combined influence of direct local skin heating and greater systemic thermal strain, supporting its potential as a passive vascular stimulus in populations with limited exercise tolerance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42803957What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.