Observational studyESC heart failure2026
Cardiovascular outcomes with potassium binders in patients with heart failure and hyperkalaemia.
Observational study in ESC heart failure, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsHyperkalaemia complicates heart failure (HF) and may limit guideline-directed therapy. Potassium binders differ in pharmacologic properties and sodium load, raising cardiovascular safety concerns. This study compared cardiovascular outcomes associated with patiromer, sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC), and sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS).
methodsA retrospective observational study was conducted within the TriNetX network including adults with HF and hyperkalaemia initiating patiromer, SZC, or SPS (2019-2024). Three pairwise 1:1 propensity-matched comparisons were performed. Follow-up was up to 365 days (mean 0.7 ± 0.4 years). Outcomes included death, HF hospitalization, cardiovascular hospitalization, myocardial infarction, incident atrial fibrillation (AF), pulmonary oedema/cardiogenic shock, end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), and ventricular tachyarrhythmia/cardiac arrest.
resultsAfter matching, 5589 patients per group were included for patiromer vs SPS, 15 769 per group for SZC vs SPS, and 4381 per group for SZC vs patiromer. Compared with SPS, patiromer was associated with lower risk of HF hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR] 0.573, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.535-0.613) and cardiovascular hospitalization (HR 0.737, 95% CI 0.697-0.779), but slightly higher mortality (HR 1.096, 95% CI 1.027-1.170). SZC was associated with higher risks of death (HR 1.139, 95% CI 1.095-1.185), HF hospitalization (HR 1.184, 95% CI 1.143-1.225), myocardial infarction (HR 1.132, 95% CI 1.018-1.260), ESKD (HR 1.137, 95% CI 1.082-1.196), and cardiovascular hospitalization (HR 1.193, 95% CI 1.157-1.229) compared with SPS. SZC was associated with higher HF hospitalization (HR 2.735, 95% CI 2.519-2.969) and cardiovascular hospitalization (HR 1.914, 95% CI 1.797-2.037) than patiromer, with no significant difference in mortality.
conclusionsIn this observational study of HF with hyperkalaemia, potassium binders were associated with different cardiovascular outcomes. These findings are hypothesis-generating and support randomized trials powered for clinical endpoints.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.