Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42802148›Full record

ArticleJournal of microbiology and biotechnology2026

High-Yield and High-Titer Production of Levulinic Acid from Red Macroalgae via Sulfuric Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology and Application to Actual Biomass.

Im Su Kang, Seon Hui Kim, Jun Hee Jang, Kyoung Heon Kim, Dong Hyun Kim

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of microbiology and biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Im Su KangDepartment of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41556, Republic of Korea.
Seon Hui KimDepartment of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41556, Republic of Korea.
Jun Hee JangDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
Kyoung Heon KimDepartment of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
Dong Hyun KimDepartment of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41556, Republic of Korea.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Levulinic acid (LA) is a versatile bio-based platform chemical with wide-ranging applications in biofuels, solvents, and biodegradable materials. To establish an efficient LA production strategy, red macroalgae were selected as the biomass feedstock due to their high carbohydrate content-particularly galactan, which is rich in 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose (AHG), a sugar that readily converts to LA under acidic conditions. In this study, a response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box-Behnken design was used to optimize LA production from agar, the primary polysaccharide in red algae. The RSM model predicted an optimum of 172.5°C, 67.4 min, 8% H

Indexed as

BiomassLevulinic AcidsRhodophytaSeaweedSulfuric AcidsAgarCatalysisGalactansGalactoseGracilariaHydrolysis3,6-anhydrogalactoseAgarGalactansGalactoselevulinic acidLevulinic Acidssulfuric acidSulfuric AcidsBiorefineryHigh-solids loadingLevulinic acidPlatform chemicalRed macroalgaeResponse surface methodology

Identifiers

PMID42802148
PMCPMC13630533

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.