ArticleClinical and experimental nephrology2026
High prevalence and mortality risk of nocturia in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: a national cohort study and clinical validation.
Article in Clinical and experimental nephrology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundNocturia is increasingly recognized as a manifestation of systemic cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic dysfunction, yet its prevalence and prognostic significance within the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome framework remain unclear.
methodsWe analyzed 11,910 participants from NHANES (2005-2018) and 865 individuals from a hospital-based cohort. Logistic regression assessed associations between CKM stages and nocturia, while Cox proportional hazards models evaluated relationships between nocturia and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in CKM stages 1-4. Restricted cubic spline analyses explored dose-response relationships.
resultsIn NHANES, nocturia prevalence increased with CKM stage, from 17.6% in stage 0 to 45.97% in stages 3-4 (P < 0.0001). Compared with stage 0, CKM stages 1-2 and 3-4 were associated with higher odds of nocturia (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.59-2.64; OR 4.52, 95% CI 3.34-6.10). Nocturia was linked to increased all-cause (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.34-1.78) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.37-2.57), with significant dose-response relationships. Similar findings were observed in the hospital-based cohort, where CKM stages 1-2 and 3-4 were associated with 2.79-fold and 4.77-fold higher odds of nocturia, respectively.
conclusionNocturia is common in CKM syndrome and independently associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. These findings highlight nocturia as a clinically relevant marker associated with adverse outcomes in CKM populations.
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