ArticleCureus2026
A Study of Clinico-Etiological Profiles and Outcomes of Pleural Effusion in a Tertiary Care Hospital.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundPleural effusion in children is an important cause of respiratory morbidity with diverse infective and non-infective etiologies. Clinical presentation, biochemical profile, microbiological findings, and imaging characteristics play a major role in determining etiology, severity, treatment strategy, and overall outcome in pediatric pleural effusion.
objectivesThe study aimed to evaluate the clinico-etiological profile and outcomes of pleural effusion in children admitted to a tertiary care hospital.
methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in the pediatric ICU and pediatric ward of Dr. Susheela Tiwari Hospital, Government Medical College, Haldwani, India. Eighty children with pleural effusion were enrolled. Clinical examination, hematological investigations, pleural fluid analysis, adenosine deaminase (ADA) estimation, cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT), microbiological studies, chest radiography, and ultrasonography were performed.
resultsTubercular pleural effusion was the commonest etiology (36, 45.0%), followed by parapneumonic effusion (18, 22.5%) and empyema thoracis (11, 13.75%). Fever (62, 77.5%), cough (68, 85.0%), and respiratory distress (54, 67.5%) were predominant symptoms. Exudative effusion was observed in 68 (85.0%) patients. Pleural ADA was significantly higher in tubercular effusion (84 ± 22 IU/L; p < 0.001). Intercostal drain (ICD) insertion, ultrasonographic loculation, and tubercular etiology independently predicted prolonged hospitalization.
conclusionInfective etiologies, particularly tuberculosis and parapneumonic infection, constituted the major causes of pediatric pleural effusion. Combined clinical, radiological, biochemical, and microbiological assessment significantly improved etiological diagnosis. Pleural fluid ADA demonstrated good diagnostic utility for tubercular pleural effusion. Early identification of complicated disease and timely intervention contributed to favorable clinical outcomes and low mortality.
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