Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42801102›Full record

ReviewThe Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale2026

Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Distribution of

Sarina Alidadpour, Reza Pakzad, Mohammad Hossein Ekvan, Muhammad Ibrahim Getso, Gita Alizadeh, Wrya Parwaie, Omid Raiesi

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Sarina AlidadpourStudent Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran, medilam.ac.ir.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9295-1286
Reza PakzadDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran, medilam.ac.ir.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8133-3664
Mohammad Hossein EkvanStudent Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran, medilam.ac.ir.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8807-7965
Muhammad Ibrahim GetsoDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano PMB, 3011, Nigeria, buk.edu.ng.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0752-702X
Gita AlizadehDepartment of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, iums.ac.ir.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3664-4548
Wrya ParwaieDepartment of Medical Physics, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran, medilam.ac.ir.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3839-7050
Omid RaiesiDepartment of Parasitology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran, medilam.ac.ir.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2382-550X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most critical health concerns of the 21 Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across four electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, and Google Scholar. The search included articles published from January 2015 to September 24, 2024. Search terms covered Results: In Iran, the highest and lowest pooled resistance rates were for penicillin G and vancomycin, respectively. For MRSA, the highest pooled resistance was observed in Iraq and the lowest in Turkey. Vancomycin pooled resistance was also the highest in Iraq. Gentamicin resistance was highest in Yemen and lowest in Cyprus and Kuwait. The highest pooled resistance rates for gentamicin, cotrimoxazole, and ciprofloxacin were all observed in Yemen. Conclusions: Factors contributing to high AMR rates include ineffective antibiotic stewardship, self-medication, prescription errors, inappropriate dosing, and excessive antibiotic use in agriculture. The findings highlight the urgent need for stricter antibiotic regulations, improved stewardship, and public awareness across the Middle East.

Indexed as

antibiotic resistancemeta-analysisMiddle EastStaphylococcus aureussystematic review

Identifiers

PMID42801102
PMCPMC13615457

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.