ReviewResearch in heart yield and translational medicine2026
Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Challenges and Current Approaches.
Review in Research in heart yield and translational medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a heterogeneous syndrome associated with substantial morbidity, mortality, and impaired quality of life. Despite its rising prevalence, particularly among older adults and women, HFpEF has historically been characterized as a "therapeutic graveyard" because of decades of inconclusive or neutral clinical trials. Methods: A secondary qualitative analysis of the literature indexed in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase from January 2018 through June 2025 was conducted. Randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, guideline statements, and high-quality observational studies were included. Data were extracted and synthesized thematically across five domains: epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic strategies, therapeutic approaches, and future directions. Results: Epidemiological data confirm increasing global prevalence, driven by aging demographics and clustering of comorbidities such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation. Pathophysiological insights highlight a complex, multiorgan syndrome with distinct phenotypes. Diagnostic accuracy remains hampered by overlapping comorbidities, limited biomarker sensitivity in obese or renally impaired patients, and heterogeneity in imaging findings. Artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches are emerging but not yet established in clinical care. Therapeutically, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors represent the first pharmacologic agents to consistently reduce hospitalization and improve outcomes in HFpEF, while lifestyle modification, rehabilitation, and device-based interventions offer complementary benefits. Emerging strategies emphasize precision medicine, digital health, and biomarker-driven stratification. Conclusion: HFpEF remains a major unexplained challenge in cardiovascular management. The efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors can mark a paradigm shift; however, significant weaknesses persist in diagnostic and therapeutic areas. Further progress depends on phenotype-specific, multimodal, and patient-centered strategies that combine clinical care, digital innovation, and molecular research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.