ArticleBMC public health2026
The association between school violence and physical child-to-parent violence: is exposure to parental violence a moderator?
Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
backgroundChild-to-parent violence (CPV) is a serious but under-researched form of family violence. There is a lack of previous studies examining whether school violence and exposure to parental violence interact in their association with CPV. We hypothesize that involvement in school violence - as victim or perpetrator - is more strongly associated with physical CPV among individuals who have been exposed to parental violence.
methodsData are drawn from a large cross-sectional study conducted in 35 schools in southern Sweden. The sample comprises 5,052 adolescents (46.7% male; Mage = 16.2, SD = 1.55). Linear probability models are used to calculate the associations between school violence, exposure to parental violence, and physical CPV.
resultsThe results show that involvement in school violence - either as a victim, perpetrator, or victim/perpetrator - is positively associated with physical CPV. The results support the hypothesis that the association between involvement in school violence and physical CPV is stronger among those individuals who have been exposed to parental violence.
conclusionsThis study underscores the importance of further exploring how different contexts interact in their associations with CPV. These interactions suggest that a key question for future research is how to develop effective preventive strategies.
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