Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42800774›Full record

ArticleUltrasound in medicine & biology2026

Investigation of High Pulse Repetition Frequency Single-Cycle Histotripsy for Rapid Tissue Ablation.

Alex Simon, Lauren Ruger, Elliana Vickers, Leah Holmes, Tamalika Paul, Aislynn Macco, Sheryl Coutermarsh-Ott, Adam Maxwell, Eli Vlaisavljevich

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Ultrasound in medicine & biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Alex SimonEngineering Mechanics Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Lauren RugerDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Elliana VickersGraduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA.
Leah HolmesDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Tamalika PaulDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Aislynn MaccoDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Sheryl Coutermarsh-OttDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Adam MaxwellDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Eli VlaisavljevichDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA. Electronic address: eliv@vt.edu.

Funding

Developing Methods for Precise, Safe and Target-location Specific Histotripsy of Liver TumorsR01CA262474 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI ZIEMLEWICZ, TIMOTHY J · 2021 to 2025
$2.4M
Image-guided Histotripsy System for Complete, Uniform, and Non-Invasive Ablation of Heterogeneous Osteosarcoma TumorsR01CA289288 · NCI · VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND ST UNIV · PI Eli Vlaisavljevich · 2024 to 2026
$1.9M
Ultrasound-guided robotic histotripsy array system for non-invasive precise and complete ablation of soft tissue sarcomaR21EB035278 · NIBIB · PURDUE UNIVERSITY · PI Shawna Klahn · 2024 to 2026
$586k
Ultrasound-guided Intrinsic Threshold Histotripsy for the Non-invasive Ablation of Uterine FibroidsR21HD109631 · NICHD · VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND ST UNIV · PI VLAISAVLJEVICH, ELI · 2022 to 2023
$422k
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA262474NCI NIH HHS R01 CA289288NIBIB NIH HHS R21 EB035278NICHD NIH HHS R21 HD109631
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveSingle-cycle histotripsy was investigated for the rapid ablation of porcine liver using high pulse repetition frequency (PRF) pulsing methods. Recent evidence from our group has suggested that single-cycle histotripsy does not experience a decrease in ablation efficiency across a wide range of PRFs.

methodsHistotripsy ablation efficiency was quantified in a 1% agarose gel phantom containing a layer of red blood cells using a 500 kHz transducer with an F# of 0.61. Lesions were generated using PRFs of 500-2500 Hz at peak negative pressures of 15, 24 and 42 MPa with an 800 pulse exposure, with results compared to a low PRF control (1 Hz). Second, high PRFs were used for volumetric ablations of porcine liver using doses of 400-800 pulses per point. Tissue damage was assessed via ultrasound imaging and histologically using Masson's trichrome staining.

resultsAblation experiments in red blood cell gel phantoms showed no significant differences in ablation efficacy as PRF increased from 500 to 2500 Hz, supporting the hypothesis that single-cycle histotripsy can achieve efficient tissue ablation at high PRFs. Volumetric tissue ablation experiments showed that single-cycle histotripsy resulted in effective tissue ablation for all tested PRFs, with near complete or complete ablation observed after 600-800 applied pulses. Partial ablation in some samples at lower doses (400 pulses for 500-1500 Hz PRF, 600 pulses for 2000-2500 Hz PRF and 800 pulses for 2500 Hz PRF) suggested a slight decrease in ablation effectiveness with increasing PRF.

conclusionThis study supports the hypothesis that high PRF single-cycle histotripsy can achieve faster tissue ablation while maintaining precise volumetric lesion generation.

Indexed as

AblationHigh rateHistotripsyPulse repetition frequencyVolumetric ablation

Identifiers

PMID42800774
PMCPMC13644694

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.