Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42799472›Full record

ReviewPhoton science2026

"X-ray Coulomb Counting" to Understand Electrochemical Systems.

Chuntian Cao, Hans-Georg Steinrück

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Photon science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Chuntian CaoArtificial Intelligence Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States.
Hans-Georg SteinrückInstitute for a sustainable Hydrogen Economy (IHE-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, An der Deutschen Welle 7a, 52428 Jülich, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6373-0877

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Electrochemical systems are important for a sustainable and defossilized energy system of the future. While accurate and precise, the corresponding electrochemical measurements, in which many reactions may occur simultaneously, often do not contain enough information to understand the underlying mechanism and processes. This information, however, is crucial toward rational materials and devices as well as process development and for inventing innovative concepts. In this perspective, we introduce explicitly the concept of "X-ray Coulomb Counting", in which X-ray methods are used to quantify on an absolute scale how much charge is transferred into which reactions during the electrochemical measurements. This allows one to interpret the electrochemical measurements in detail and obtain the desired phenomenological and mechanistic understanding. We show a few recent examples from the Li-ion battery literature in which the concept of X-ray Coulomb Counting was employed to obtain foundational understanding.

Indexed as

electrochemistryLi-ion batteriesX-ray absorptionX-ray Coulomb CountingX-ray diffractionX-ray reflectivity

Identifiers

PMID42799472
PMCPMC13614474

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.