ArticleHardwareX2026
CRISP: A 3D printer-based platform for precision solution printing on paper-based substrates.
Article in HardwareX, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The scalability of self-driving labs is currently limited by the high cost of automated liquid handling. To address this, we present a low-cost, open-source platform designed to function as a 'frugal twin' to serve as a programmable hardware node in automated labs. To do this, we modified a commercial Ender-3 3D printer to print solutions on flexible paper-based substrates using a custom syringe pump assembly. Our printer, CRISP (Controlled Robotic Inkjet Solution on Paper), is driven by the Ender's native stepper motor and G-code infrastructure, and dispenses reagents via disposable pipette tips. Our demonstration with printed dyes shows a reliability of 96.8% and 98.2% for positional accuracy and uniformity of droplet circularity, respectively, confirming the system's potential as a reliable low-cost module for automated research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.