Initiation of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in winter is associated with improved overall survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Zhangxuan Chen, Jingsi Chen, Yang Yao, Xinjing Li, Ranpu Wu, Bingxue Wang, Jiajie Sun, Hongbing Liu

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Oncology letters, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Zhangxuan ChenDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China.

Jingsi ChenDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China.

Yang YaoDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China.

Xinjing LiDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China.

Ranpu WuDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China.

Bingxue WangDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China.

Jiajie SunDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China.

Hongbing LiuDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), targeting programmed cell death protein 1, programmed death-ligand 1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, have become a standard treatment resulting in improved outcomes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the influence of seasonal variations on treatment efficacy and toxicity remains underexplored. In the present single-center retrospective study, 310 patients with advanced NSCLC who initiated first-line ICI therapy between January 2018, and December 2023 were analyzed. Patients were categorized by season of treatment initiation: Winter (December-February), spring (March-May), summer (June-August) and autumn (September-November). Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), assessed via Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) were evaluated using χ

Indexed as

immune-related adverse eventsimmunotherapynon-small cell lung cancerseasonal

Identifiers

PMID42799097

DOI10.3892/ol.2026.15865

PMCPMC13613965

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.