ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2026
Propranolol attenuates the malignant biological behaviors of renal cancer cells partly through modulation of the IL-6/PI3K/AKT signaling axis.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of propranolol on the malignant biological behaviours of renal cancer cells and explore the potential involvement of the IL-6/PI3K/AKT signalling axis. Methods: 786-O and Caki-2 ccRCC cells were treated with gradient propranolol, followed by CCK-8, wound-healing, Transwell and flow cytometry assays to test cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis. Western blot was applied to measure proteins associated with apoptosis, EMT, IL-6 and PI3K/AKT pathway. A xenograft nude mouse model was constructed to verify propranolol's anti-tumor activity Results: Propranolol significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of 786-O and Caki-2 cells and induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Propranolol upregulated Bax, cleaved-Caspase-3, cleaved-Caspase-9, E-cadherin and TIMP2, while downregulating Bcl-2, N-cadherin, Vimentin and MMP9, suggesting enhanced apoptosis and suppression of EMT- and invasion-related phenotypes. Conclusion: Propranolol suppresses the malignant biological behaviours of renal cancer cells and inhibits renal tumour growth
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.