ArticleMedicine2026
Trajectories of covarying depression and multiple physical health problems in middle-aged and older adults based on GBMTM: Longitudinal evidence from CHARLS.
Article in Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Depression in middle-aged and older adults often co-occurs with multiple physical health problems, yet its long-term co-evolution patterns remain unclear. Using data from 4 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2018, group-based multi-trajectory modeling was employed to identify covarying trajectories of depressive symptoms, number of chronic diseases, chronic pain, and functional disability. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze predictive factors. A total of 8961 participants aged 45 and above were included. Four distinct trajectories were identified: stable low-risk group (40.84%), low-risk improving group (11.24%), high-risk deteriorating group (23.96%), and high-risk fluctuating group (23.96%). Older age, female gender, and rural residence were risk factors for unfavorable trajectories, while higher education level, nonagricultural household registration, and social participation were protective factors. The long-term evolution of physical and mental health in middle-aged and older adults exhibits heterogeneous trajectories, with high-risk subgroups showing synchronous deterioration across multiple health dimensions. Identifying key predictive factors can inform stratified interventions and precision health management.
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