ArticleMedicine2026
Quantitative evaluation of the effect of hyperlipidemia on carotid artery stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using shear wave elastography.
Article in Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), and hyperlipidemia (HLD) frequently coexists. Shear wave elastography (SWE) quantifies carotid stiffness and may improve CVD risk stratification. To evaluate the impact of HLD on carotid stiffness in T2DM using SWE. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 112 adults with T2DM: simple diabetes (Group B, n = 52) and T2DM with HLD (Group C, n = 60): and 55 healthy controls (Group A). Demographic, clinical, and biochemical data were collected. Conventional ultrasound measured carotid intima-media thickness, diastolic diameter, systolic diameter, and peak systolic velocity. Arterial distensibility and the stiffness coefficient were calculated. SWE provided maximum, mean, and minimum elastic moduli. Pearson correlation tested associations between SWE parameters and risk factors; multivariable linear regression identified independent determinants of SWE values. Compared with controls, Groups B and C had higher fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and LDL-C (all P < .05); TC, TG, and LDL-C were higher in Group C than Group B (all P < .05). high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were lower in both Group B and Group C compared to Group A (both P < .05), and were also lower in Group C than in Group B (P < .05). Mean elastic modulus, maximum elastic modulus, and minimum elastic modulus were greater in Groups B and C than in controls and were highest in Group C (all P < .05). SWE parameters correlated positively with carotid intima-media thickness, TC, TG, and LDL-C, and negatively correlated with HDL-C (all P < .05). In multivariable models, hyperlipidemia: driven primarily by elevated TC, TG, and LDL-C and reduced HDL-C: was independently associated with increased SWE values in T2DM (all P < .05). HLD exacerbates carotid atherosclerosis in T2DM. SWE is a noninvasive, quantitative, and efficient method for assessing carotid stiffness and cardiovascular risk in T2DM, particularly among patients with concurrent HLD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.