ArticleVeterinary sciences2026
Impact of Self-Directed Multimodal Digital Training on Veterinary Students' Ability to Interpret Equine Heart Sounds.
Article in Veterinary sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Cardiac auscultation is a fundamental clinical skill for veterinary graduates; however, acquiring this competence remains challenging because opportunities for repeated exposure to a wide range of cardiac abnormalities may often be limited during undergraduate training. This study evaluated whether supplementing written self-directed learning with digital equine phonocardiographic recordings improves veterinary students' ability to recognize and interpret equine cardiac auscultation findings. Forty-one fourth-year veterinary students from the Universities of Milan and Pisa were voluntarily enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either written learning materials alone (Group 1,
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