Individual and Combined Cytotoxic Effects of Zearalenone and Zearalenone-14-Glucoside in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells.

Rui Liu, Fuqing Liu, Wenjing Liu, Tao Li, Jiayuan Xie, Chunxi Fu, Xuejun Yuan, Weiren Yang, Ning Jiao

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Veterinary sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Rui LiuKey Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271017, China.

Fuqing LiuAnimal Husbandry and Veterinary Workstation in Daotian Town, Shouguang 262728, China.

Wenjing LiuKey Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271017, China.

Tao LiKey Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271017, China.

Jiayuan XieKey Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271017, China.

Chunxi FuKey Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271017, China.

Xuejun YuanCollege of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.ORCID 0000-0002-7028-6732

Weiren YangKey Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271017, China.

Ning JiaoKey Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271017, China.ORCID 0000-0002-5055-2159

Funding

National Key Research and Development Programs of China 2023YFD1301002

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Zearalenone (ZEN) and its masked form, zearalenone-14-glucoside (Z14G), are common mycotoxins found in feed that can threaten the intestinal health of piglets. To date, there has been a lack of systematic research on the toxic effects and molecular mechanisms of Z14G alone and in combination with ZEN on intestinal porcine epithelial cell-jejunal 2 (IPEC-J2) cells. This study found 80 µmol/L ZEN and 100 µmol/L Z14G were the selected experimental concentrations based on cell viability assays. Both ZEN and Z14G significantly inhibited cell viability and proliferation, induced apoptosis, and disrupted the expression of associated genes. They altered the expression of barrier-associated genes, evidenced by increase in lactate dehydrogenase release and downregulation of tight junction gene mRNA. ZEN and Z14G exposure increased oxidative stress, altered antioxidant defense, and modulated inflammatory responses, accompanied by changes in the expression of genes related to the TLR4/MyD88 and NLRP3 signaling pathways. Notably, Z14G alone exhibited a distinct transcriptional response of inflammatory-related genes, failing to upregulate

Indexed as

cell viabilitycombined toxicityintestinal porcine epithelial cell-jejunal 2zearalenonezearalenone-14-glucoside

Identifiers

PMID42797921

DOI10.3390/vetsci13090885

PMCPMC13611837

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.