In one paragraphReview in Viruses, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
2 · The registryThe trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
3 · Its place in the literatureWho cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
4 · The recordCorrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
5 · Who and what moneyAuthors and funding
16 authors.
Julia GąsiorowskaVertex Students' Scientific Club, Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.ORCID 0009-0002-4081-6891 Maciej Mateusz HanypsiakVertex Students' Scientific Club, Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.ORCID 0009-0008-1222-1018 Natalia JendrzejaczykVertex Students' Scientific Club, Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
Artur AmsVertex Students' Scientific Club, Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.ORCID 0009-0006-5886-4671 Jan Rafał FalanaVertex Students' Scientific Club, Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.ORCID 0009-0002-2084-5863 Karol ZagórskiVertex Students' Scientific Club, Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
Katarzyna RekielVertex Students' Scientific Club, Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.ORCID 0009-0002-1236-2802 Kinga Brawańska-MaśluchDepartment of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Chalubinskiego 2a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
Pola NowackaVertex Students' Scientific Club, Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
Wiktoria ŻabińskaVertex Students' Scientific Club, Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
Grzegorz MikitaVertex Students' Scientific Club, Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.ORCID 0009-0006-4399-0309 Piotr Paweł ChmielewskiDivision of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-6995-123X Krzysztof DataDivision of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-9018-5357 Paul MozdziakPrestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1575-3123 Bartosz KempistyDivision of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
Paweł DąbrowskiDivision of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-6016-9201 Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
6 · The paper itselfAbstract
objectiveThis review aims to describe the macroscopic methods used to detect poliomyelitis in human skeletal remains and to highlight the limitations of current diagnostic frameworks. MATERIALS: The reviewed materials consist of published paleopathological literature and case studies analyzing human skeletal remains for evidence of the disease.
methodsWe evaluated existing studies that focus on the macroscopic analysis of secondary skeletal alterations caused by paralysis, such as unilateral limb atrophy, bone shortening, pronounced asymmetry, and compensatory hypertrophy.
resultsCurrent diagnostic frameworks rely almost exclusively on macroscopic markers; notably, none of the reviewed studies utilized molecular or genetic techniques. Consequently, definitively confirmed cases of ancient poliomyelitis remain exceptionally rare.
conclusionsThe paleopathological diagnosis of poliomyelitis currently suffers from a substantial methodological gap due to an overreliance on morphological assessments. Transcending these traditional techniques is essential to definitively confirm ancient cases. SIGNIFICANCE: Analyzing skeletal evidence provides crucial insights into how this debilitating viral infection afflicted human populations in antiquity. It also underscores the importance of rigorous differential diagnosis to distinguish poliomyelitis from other paralytic etiologies, such as cerebral palsy.
Indexed as
PaleopathologyPoliomyelitisBone and BonesDiagnosis, DifferentialHumansanthropologydifferential diagnosispaleopathologypoliomyelitis
Identifiers
PMID42797878
PMCPMC13612011
What OpenQuestion holds
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