ArticleViruses2026
Occurrence of Enteric Viruses in Multi-Component Salad Bowls.
Article in Viruses, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The expansion of e-commerce and last-mile food delivery has created an increasingly relevant but understudied context for food safety surveillance. However, the occurrence of enteric viruses in ready-to-eat (RTE) foods within this distribution context remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the presence of enteric viruses in multi-component RTE salad bowls obtained through last-mile delivery. The study was designed to characterize the virological status of products received through this distribution pathway, without attributing any detected contamination specifically to the delivery process itself. A total of 30 salad samples were collected in two independent batches over a two-month interval via a third-party e-commerce platform and delivered directly to the laboratory. Virus concentration was performed using a method based on ISO 15216-1:2017, followed by RNA extraction and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) detection of norovirus (NoV) genogroups I (GI) and II (GII), hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis E virus (HEV), human astrovirus (HAstV), and rotavirus (RV). HEV-target RT-qPCR signals were observed in 5 of 30 samples (16.7%); however, all positive signals corresponded to levels below the estimated limit of quantification (LOQ). No RT-qPCR amplification was observed for the other targeted viruses. This study provides initial occurrence data for enteric viruses in multi-component RTE meals obtained through last-mile delivery and supports the inclusion of this food category and emerging distribution pathways in foodborne virus surveillance.
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