ReviewVaccines2026
An Analysis of Multilevel Barriers to Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Uptake Among Rural U.S. Adolescents.
Review in Vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite longstanding vaccine availability, human papillomavirus (HPV) remains the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States and a leading cause of preventable cancers. Additionally, HPV vaccination rates remain below other routinely recommended adolescent immunizations, particularly in rural populations. This study aimed to identify barriers related to healthcare access, socioeconomic conditions, cultural beliefs, and provider-patient communication in rural communities. A bibliographical review of articles published in English from 2020 to 2025 and an analysis of national datasets were conducted to establish trends in HPV vaccination rates. State-level HPV vaccination data for adolescents aged 13-17 years were obtained from America's Health Rankings and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Immunization Survey-Teen. States were classified as predominantly rural or urban using Rural-Urban Continuum Codes, and mean vaccination completion rates were compared. The mean HPV vaccination completion rate was lower in rural states (60.55%) compared to urban states (67.31%); however, this difference did not meet the selected threshold for statistical significance (
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