ArticlePolymers2026
Waste-Tea-Leaf-Derived Microcrystalline Cellulose as a Reinforcement for FDM-Printed PLA: Extraction, Filament Fabrication, Mechanical Performance, and Acoustic Absorption.
Article in Polymers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Upcycling agro-industrial residues into functional reinforcements supports the circular economy while addressing the brittleness and limited stiffness of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) in fused deposition modeling (FDM). In this study, industrial waste tea leaves were converted into microcrystalline cellulose (WTL-MCC) and used to produce multifunctional PLA composite filaments. WTL-MCC was extracted by dewaxing, alkali treatment, bleaching, and mild acid hydrolysis and characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA-DTG, DSC, UV-Vis, BET, SEM-EDAX, and AFM. It showed a crystallinity index of 48%, a crystallite size of 2.8 nm and thermal stability to 250 °C (T
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