ArticlePlants (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Establishment of Tissue Culture and Genetic Transformation Systems Using Mature Embryos of Bread Wheat.
Article in Plants (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Genetic transformation is a core technology for wheat molecular breeding. Transformation efficiency and genotype compatibility determine the pace of targeted genetic improvement. Mature embryos are readily accessible but are associated with low transformation efficiency and strong genotype dependence. Using mature wheat embryos as explants, we screened eight wheat varieties representing three ecological types to develop genotype-adapted tissue culture systems. Treatments A5 (4 mg/L 2,4-D + 2 mg/L Dicamba), A7 (4 mg/L 2,4-D + 6 mg/L Dicamba), and A8 (4 mg/L 2,4-D + 8 mg/L Dicamba) were optimal for callus induction in winter, semi-winter, and spring wheat, respectively. WF3 (a 1/2 MS-based medium) was broadly applicable to callus differentiation, whereas IBA produced the highest rooting efficiency in regenerated plantlets. The optimal transformation conditions comprised ultrasound treatment (2.5 min) followed by vacuum infiltration (5 min), supplementation of the infection solution with PEG
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