Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42796767›Full record

ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Virucidal Efficacy of Holder Pasteurization of Breast Milk in a Portable Device.

Maxim I Suchkov, Elizaveta V Yakovchuk, Elena Y Shustova, Dina I Sirazova, Anastasia D Zolotareva, Evgenia V Karpova, Ekaterina L Aksenova, Svetlana E Sotskova, Liubov I Kozlovskaya

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Maxim I SuchkovChumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research-and-Development of Immune-and-Biological Preparations of RAS (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia.
Elizaveta V YakovchukChumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research-and-Development of Immune-and-Biological Preparations of RAS (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia.
Elena Y ShustovaChumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research-and-Development of Immune-and-Biological Preparations of RAS (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia.
Dina I SirazovaChumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research-and-Development of Immune-and-Biological Preparations of RAS (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia.
Anastasia D ZolotarevaChumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research-and-Development of Immune-and-Biological Preparations of RAS (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia.
Evgenia V KarpovaChumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research-and-Development of Immune-and-Biological Preparations of RAS (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia.
Ekaterina L AksenovaBiobank, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia.
Svetlana E SotskovaChumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research-and-Development of Immune-and-Biological Preparations of RAS (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia.
Liubov I KozlovskayaChumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research-and-Development of Immune-and-Biological Preparations of RAS (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia.ORCID 0000-0002-3029-1035

Funding

The Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation FNZG-2024-0002, FNZG-2024-0004
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Breast milk is the optimal nutrition for infants. However, a number of viruses can accumulate in breast milk and be transmitted to a newborn during breastfeeding. Holder pasteurization is a gold-standard method for breast milk treatment, achieving an acceptable compromise between microbiological safety and biological quality. We have evaluated the virucidal activity of Holder pasteurization of breast milk contaminated with RNA and DNA viruses in a portable home-use pasteurizer. Viruses were selected on basis of their ability to infect humans, contaminate breast milk, and pose a threat for a newborn. The efficacy was evaluated in experimental conditions using breast milk samples from four different donors. Infectious virus and viral genome content were assessed. Holder pasteurization resulted in a decrease in infectivity below the detection limit for enveloped RNA viruses (HIV-1, CHIKV, and SARS-CoV-2), but not RSV, and a partial decrease in infectious virus titer for non-enveloped RNA enteroviruses (EV-A71, E30, and PV1), and DNA viruses (hAdV5 and HSV-1). Moreover, infectivity reduction in E30 and PV1 in different samples of breast milk significantly differed. Therefore, Holder pasteurization can be a tool in the novel pandemic preparedness toolbox or probably help mothers manage breastfeeding during common infections.

Indexed as

Milk, HumanPasteurizationDNA VirusesFemaleHumansInfant, NewbornRNA VirusesVirus Inactivationbreast milkHolder pasteurizationportable pasteurizervirusvirus inactivation

Identifiers

PMID42796767
PMCPMC13610739

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.