Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42796730›Full record

ReviewPathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Electrolyzed Water as a Biocide in Premise Water Networks: A Narrative Review and a Conceptual Framework.

Tommaso Russo, Andrea D'Orazio, Angelo Baggiani

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Tommaso RussoDepartment of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0009-0001-8710-3816
Andrea D'OrazioDepartment of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0009-0004-6841-627X
Angelo BaggianiDepartment of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Biocide usage in premises plumbing systems requires a multidimensional evaluation to ensure that all interfering factors are controlled and the microorganism presence is strictly limited or eradicated. Current research on electrolyzed water as a primary water biocide has been limited to isolated aspects of its application, providing an insufficient overview of both biocide properties and usage. Following a narrative literature review, this study proposes a unified framework for analyzing water biocides, structuring our research into a multidimensional approach starting from chemical properties and concluding with implementation challenges. Although electrolyzed water constitutes a robust strategy for water safety, further research is necessary regarding efficacy against amoebae and fungi. Careful consideration must also be given to technical aspects, such as material compatibility and overall persistence.

Indexed as

DisinfectantsDisinfectionElectrolysisWaterWater MicrobiologyHumansDisinfectantsWaterbiocideschlorineelectrolyzed waterhypochlorous acidwaterborne pathogenswater electrolysiswater safety

Identifiers

PMID42796730
PMCPMC13610515

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.