ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Interfacial Molecular Mechanisms Governing the NMR Relaxation of Clay-Bound Water in Organic-Rich Shales with Implications for NMR Logging.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Organic-rich shale contains chemically heterogeneous mineral-organic interfaces that produce strong and spatially variable proton surface relaxation, complicating the identification of clay-bound water and the conversion of NMR relaxation time into pore size. Conventional interpretations commonly treat surface relaxivity as a constant, while the respective contributions of water-retaining surface chemistry, molecular restriction, and paramagnetic centers remain insufficiently separated. In this study, Wufeng-Longmaxi shale samples from the Yongchuan Block were investigated using mineralogical and pore structural characterization, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cation exchange capacity, zeta potential, electron paramagnetic resonance, controlled hydration, one- and two-dimensional low-field time domain NMR, and molecular dynamics simulations. Under the present fluid and acquisition conditions, strongly surface-associated water was operationally identified mainly at T
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