Translation and Assessment of Structural Validity and Internal Consistency of the Polish Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) in Health Professions Students.

Agnieszka Lipiak, Monika Karasiewicz, Barbara Gawłowska, Rafał Staszewski, Sylwia Wiśniewska-Leśków, Melanie Hawkins, Richard H Osborne, Ewelina Chawłowska

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In one paragraph

Article in Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Agnieszka LipiakDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-1826-2901

Monika KarasiewiczDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-8373-037X

Barbara GawłowskaDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland.

Rafał StaszewskiDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland.

Sylwia Wiśniewska-LeśkówDepartment of Foreign Language Teaching, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-806 Poznan, Poland.

Melanie HawkinsGlobal Health and Equity Development Hub, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-5704-0490

Richard H OsborneGlobal Health and Equity Development Hub, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-9081-2699

Ewelina ChawłowskaDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-1966-9498

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

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Indexed as

Health LiteracyPsychometricsStudents, Health OccupationsAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFactor Analysis, StatisticalFemaleHumansMalePolandReproducibility of ResultsSurveys and QuestionnairesTranslatingTranslationshealth literacy measurementHealth Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ)psychometricsuniversity studentsvalidation

Identifiers

PMID42796406

DOI10.3390/medicina62091801

PMCPMC13608996

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.