ArticleMicroorganisms2026
Occurrence of Human Enteric Viruses in Retail Mussels Marketed in Burgos, Spain.
Article in Microorganisms, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Bivalve mollusks are recognized as bioaccumulators of enteric viruses and, therefore, represent important environmental sentinels for microbiological contamination. The contamination of these organisms is primarily associated with the exposure of coastal waters to human and agricultural effluents, which introduce pathogens into the aquatic environment. Due to their filter-feeding activity, bivalves can bioaccumulate these pathogens, and because they are often consumed raw or undercooked, contaminated bivalves may pose a public health risk. Hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis E virus (HEV), and norovirus genogroups I and II (NoV GI and NoV GII) are recognized by the European Food Safety Authority and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as major etiological agents responsible for numerous foodborne outbreaks worldwide. The absence of established regulatory limits for viral contamination in food has driven the development of molecular approaches to generate scientific evidence and support risk assessment and control strategies. In this context, the present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of HAV, HEV, NoV GI, and NoV GII in commercially available mussels (
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