ArticleMicroorganisms2026
When Empiric Therapy Fails: Clinical and Economic Consequences in uUTIs Among US Women.
Article in Microorganisms, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI) management is increasingly challenging due to antibiotic treatment failure (TF). This retrospective, observational cohort study used Optum's de-identified Electronic Health Record dataset (January 2017-September 2022) to investigate the impact of antibiotic TF (defined as a second oral antibiotic prescription, administration of an intravenous antibiotic, or an emergency department visit/hospitalization with a new primary diagnosis of urinary tract infection <28 days post index) on clinical outcomes and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) among women with uUTI. Eligible patients were female, aged ≥12 years, with an outpatient diagnosis of uUTI and one or more empirically prescribed oral antibiotics within ±5 days of diagnosis (index). Adjusted risk ratios (aRR) of adverse clinical outcomes were assessed ≤12 months post index (observation period), and rate ratios of all-cause and UTI-related HCRU during the index episode and observation period were observed. Of 376,004 patients, 62,873 (16.7%) experienced TF, while 313,131 (83.3%) did not. Patients with TF had significantly higher risk (aRR [95% CI]) of recurrent UTI (1.23 [1.21, 1.25]) and acute pyelonephritis (1.77 [1.70, 1.84]) (both
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