ArticleLife (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Prenatal and Lactation Exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) at the Global Mean Daily Intake Level Leads to Sex-Dependent Changes in Microglial State, Gene Expression, and Behavioral Patterns in Newborn and Juvenile Wistar Rat Offspring.
Article in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widespread plasticizer widely used in the food industry worldwide. However, a consensus on the safe level of its daily intake does not currently exist, while there are numerous data pointing to a link between prenatal exposure to BPA and early neuropsychiatric disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The global average human-equivalent dose of BPA is estimated at 30 ng/kg body weight/day. Thus, the research herein was conducted on newborn and juvenile rat offspring of both sexes delivered from rats treated with 30 ng/kg body weight/day orally from day 6 to 21 of pregnancy and for a further 21 days during lactation. Our data indicate that prenatal exposure to 30 ng/kg/day from gestation day 6 to delivery induced sexually dimorphic, region-specific alterations in the neonatal (PD1) rat brains, impacting inflammatory reactions, estrogen receptor signaling, and neural progenitor dynamics. Prenatally BPA-treated males exhibited a pro-inflammatory state characterized by an increased total number of ramified Iba1+ microglia cells in the hippocampus alongside upregulation of
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