ArticleLife (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Immediate Circulating Cortisol Responses Differ Between Two Functionally Divergent Localized Resistance-Type Plantar Flexion and Elbow Flexions: An Exploratory Within-Participant Crossover Study.
Article in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPractical localized resistance tasks involving functionally divergent muscle groups may produce different systemic biochemical responses, although neither task isolates a single muscle.
methodsIn this exploratory, nonrandomized, order-balanced within-participant crossover study, 102 young adults completed bilateral seated plantar flexion and unilateral elbow flexion, with 51 participants assigned by alternation to each condition sequence. The analysis-ready biochemical dataset contained complete observations for 102 participants. Blood was collected before and 2-3 min after each condition. We analyzed plasma glucose and lactate and serum total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, GGT, and cortisol. Linear mixed-effects models included exercise condition, sampling time, study period, assigned sequence, and their respective interactions with sampling time as fixed effects. Participant and participant-specific study visit were included as random intercepts where supported by the model. The exercise condition × time interaction remained the primary contrast, and Holm correction was applied across the ten predefined biochemical outcomes. Linear mixed-effects models included exercise condition, sampling time, study period, assigned sequence, and their respective interactions with sampling time as fixed effects. Participant and participant-specific study visit were included as random intercepts where supported by the model. The exercise condition × time interaction remained the primary contrast, and Holm correction was applied across the ten predefined biochemical outcomes.
resultsAfter adjustment for period and sequence and Holm correction across the ten primary interaction tests, cortisol remained the only statistically significant exercise condition × time interaction (149.219 nmol·L
conclusionsThese findings describe immediate responses to two non-equivalent multi-muscle tasks and cannot be attributed to selective soleus or biceps-brachii activation, fiber-type composition, or muscle-specific substrate use.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.