Association of the Endothelial Activation and Stress Index (EASIX) with Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Pneumosepsis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

backgroundEndothelial dysfunction is a key component of sepsis pathophysiology. The Endothelial Activation and Stress Index (EASIX) is a practical biomarker derived from routine laboratory parameters and indirectly reflects endothelial injury. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic association of EASIX with in-hospital mortality and organ-support requirements among patients with pneumosepsis admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).

methodsThis retrospective cohort study included 1787 adult patients with pneumosepsis admitted to a tertiary ICU from January 2018 to December 2025. EASIX was calculated from laboratory parameters obtained at ICU admission, and log2-EASIX was used in all analyses. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), vasopressor therapy within the first 24 h, second-line vasopressor therapy, and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) within the first 7 days after ICU admission. Associations with the primary and secondary outcomes were evaluated using univariable and multivariable logistic regression, and discriminative performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

resultsThe in-hospital mortality rate was 56.2%. Log2-EASIX was independently associated with in-hospital mortality (OR: 1.191, 95% CI: 1.119-1.268;

conclusionsEASIX was independently associated with in-hospital mortality and second-line vasopressor requirement, and it remained associated with CRRT requirement after multivariable adjustment. However, serum creatinine alone showed superior discrimination for CRRT, suggesting that the association between EASIX and CRRT may be driven, at least in part, by its creatinine component and should therefore be interpreted cautiously. In contrast, the associations of EASIX with early IMV and initial vasopressor requirements were not significant after multivariable adjustment. Although its discriminative performance for mortality was moderate when used alone, EASIX may provide complementary prognostic information when added to established disease severity assessment. These findings warrant validation in prospective, multicenter studies.