Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42795261›Full record

ArticleLife (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Study of Microbial Contamination of Mobile Phones of Dental and Medical Students and Its Potential Epidemiological Implications for Microbial Transmission.

Veselina Kondeva, Velina Stoeva, Yordan Kalchev, Rumyana Stoyanova

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Veselina KondevaDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Velina StoevaDepartment of Epidemiology and Disaster Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.ORCID 0000-0002-6239-4418
Yordan KalchevDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.ORCID 0000-0001-8062-6799
Rumyana StoyanovaDepartment of Health Management and Health Economics, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.ORCID 0000-0002-5160-6323

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMobile phones are widely used by healthcare students during clinical training and may act as potential reservoirs for pathogenic microorganisms.

objectivesThis study aimed to investigate and evaluate the role of mobile phones as epidemiological factors in the transmission of microorganisms in medical and dental practice.

methodsA cross-sectional epidemiological and microbiological study was conducted between September 2025 and April 2026. A total of 125 mobile phones belonging to fourth-year dental students and fifth-year medical students were examined. Samples were collected from the entire phone surface and cultured on blood agar, eosin-methylene blue agar, and Candida chromogenic agar. Participants also completed a structured questionnaire assessing demographic characteristics, clinical experience, hand hygiene practices, and mobile phone use and cleaning habits.

resultsNo microbial growth was detected in 52.8% of samples on blood agar, while 44.8% showed growth below 10

conclusionsTouching mobile phones with contaminated gloves was significantly associated with microbial growth. These findings emphasize the need for targeted infection control education and stricter guidelines regarding mobile device use during clinical training.

Indexed as

hand hygienehealthcare studentsinfection controlmicrobial contaminationmobile phones

Identifiers

PMID42795261
PMCPMC13608639

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.