ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Comparative Study of Microstructure, Phase Composition, Hardness, and Tribological Behavior of Low-Carbon Steel After Electrolytic-Plasma and Laser Surface Hardening.
Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the effects of electrolytic-plasma surface hardening (EPSH) and laser surface hardening (LSH) on the microstructure, phase state, microhardness, and friction behavior of low-carbon Steel 20. EPSH was performed using a two-stage regime of 320 V for 3 s followed by 200 V for 40 s and a thermocyclic regime of 320 V for 2 s, 200 V for 2 s, and 50 V for 2 s repeated for five cycles. LSH was carried out at a scanning speed of 7 mm/s and 75% of the maximum laser power (approximately 2250 W) using single- and double-pass treatments. The modified layers were characterized by SEM, XRD, microhardness measurements, and dry sliding tribological tests. EPSH produced the strongest hardening response, reaching approximately 600 HV with a hardened-layer depth of 70-100 μm. Double-pass LSH increased the near-surface microhardness to approximately 460 HV. Phase analysis revealed Fe
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