Chemical Post-Processing of SLM Ti6Al4V Structures Using HF with Propylene Glycol: Surface, Structural and Biological Evaluation of an Exploratory Post-Processing Strategy.

Krzysztof Jastrzębski, Klaudia Szafarz, Adam K Puszkarz

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Krzysztof JastrzębskiInstitute of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 1/15 Stefanowskiego Street, 90-537 Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-7170-4257

Klaudia SzafarzInstitute of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 1/15 Stefanowskiego Street, 90-537 Lodz, Poland.

Adam K PuszkarzTextile Institute, Faculty of Textiles and Design, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Żeromskiego Street, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-1765-9093

Funding

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the Lodz University of Technology Smart2023/2Regional Operational Programme for Łódzkie 2014-2020 RPLD.01.01.00-10-0002/17-00

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) of Ti6Al4V produces implants with surface-adhered, weakly bonded powder particles that require post processing prior to biomedical use. Chemical etching with hydrofluoric acid (HF) is effective but often causes excessive material loss. In this study, SLM-fabricated Ti6Al4V samples were chemically etched using 1-3% HF solutions with and without the addition of propylene glycol. The influence of etching conditions on mass loss, surface morphology, roughness, wettability, chemical composition, internal porosity (using X-ray micro- computed tomography) and biological response was evaluated. The results indicted that increasing HF concentration increased material loss and powder removal efficiency. The addition of propylene glycol substantially reduced mass loss (up to 50%) while preserving effective powder removal and surface quality. Etched samples exhibited reduced roughness parameters and no cytotoxic effects toward

Indexed as

additive manufacturingbiocompatibilitychemical etchingmicro-CTpost-processingselective laser meltingTi6Al4V

Identifiers

PMID42795143

DOI10.3390/ma19183924

PMCPMC13608396

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.