Biochar-Clay-Compost Composite Materials for Sustainable Soil Management: Effects on Soil Biochemical Activity, Pore Architecture, and Water Retention.

Krzysztof Gondek, Edyta Jacak, Tomasz Głąb, Michał Kopeć, Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek, Agnieszka Baran, Jerzy Wieczorek

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Krzysztof GondekDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.

Edyta JacakDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.

Tomasz GłąbDepartment of Machinery Exploitation, Ergonomics and Production Processes, University of Agriculture in Krakow, ul. Balicka 116B, 31-149 Krakow, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-8910-250X

Michał KopećDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.

Monika Mierzwa-HersztekDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-9517-6943

Agnieszka BaranDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.

Jerzy WieczorekDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.

Funding

Ministry of Science and Higher Education The study was financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Po-land.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The development of sustainable soil amendment materials derived from natural and recycled resources represents an important strategy for improving soil functionality and mitigating the impacts of land degradation and climate change. This pot study evaluated the effects of biochar (BC), poultry litter (PL), smectite-silica clay (SSC), and two composted combinations, C(PL+BC) and C(PL+BC+SSC), on soil biochemical activity, pore structure, and water retention. Seven treatments included an unfertilized control, mineral fertilization (MF), and MF combined with each amendment. The highest cumulative oxygen demand was recorded in MF+SSC (1.805 mg O

Indexed as

biocharcompost-based compositesenvironmental materialsorganic–mineral amendment materialspore architecturesmectite–silica claysoil water retentionsustainable soil management

Identifiers

PMID42795136

DOI10.3390/ma19183916

PMCPMC13608590

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.