ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Ambient Cold Exposure Modulates B-Cell Distribution via Glucocorticoid-CXCR4 Signaling.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Immune cell trafficking among blood, lymphoid organs, and tissues is essential for homeostasis; however, the influence of environmental stressors on steady-state distribution remains unclear. Here we show that ambient cold stress (4 °C) and dexamethasone treatment induced systemic leukocytopenia, marked by the selective depletion of circulating B cells and reduced splenic mass. Viability assays confirmed that this loss was not due to cell death. Adoptive transfer of fluorescently labeled leukocytes revealed the directed redistribution of B cells into the bone marrow (BM). Regarding the mechanism, cold stress elevated corticosterone, which upregulated the homing receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) on peripheral B cells. Blocking CXCR4 with AMD3100 markedly impaired BM migration, establishing the pathway's functional necessity. This work proposed a model in which the BM acts as a transient immune reservoir during stress, conserving energy by sequestering B cells in a protected niche while prioritizing thermogenesis. This paradigm offers new insight into homeostatic immune regulation and potential therapeutic strategies for B-cell-mediated autoimmune disease.
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