ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Study on the Therapeutic Effects of Ginsenoside Rh2 in Asthma Improvement.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Ginsenoside Rh2, a protopanaxadiol-type saponin derived from Panax ginseng, exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activities; however, its specific mechanisms in asthma remain elusive. In this study, we systematically evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of Rh2 against asthma using both in vitro and in vivo models. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced in vitro cell model was established and treated with low, medium, and high doses of Rh2 (1, 5, and 10 μg/mL). Concurrently, an in vivo asthma model was constructed via ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and administered with three doses of Rh2 (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg). The results demonstrated that Rh2 significantly suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-4 [IL-4], interleukin-5 [IL-5], interleukin-13 [IL-13], interleukin-33 [IL-33], and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) and upregulated anti-inflammatory factors (interferon-γ [IFN-γ] and interleukin-10 [IL-10]) in both experimental models. Furthermore, Rh2 inhibited the expression of key inflammatory pathway proteins, including suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that Rh2 primarily modulates the TNF-α signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, pyrimidine metabolism, and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism. Integrated analysis further identified significant correlations between differentially expressed genes (
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